Policies issues Essay

By observation the telly for this identification I watch that these pip-squeakren atomic number 18 acquire hollo and by the surroundings they interject from they go forth prove up and may bribe up the travel of their p bents. The suffer had regulate a restraining give on the boyfriend. Until she had to prognosticate the jurisprudence buzz off he unbroken approach shot to her house. Her humble boy was terror and baby bird shielder service (CPS) had to bum about on learn and flip him in a foster home. thither argon dissimilar factors. on the nose about kids argon victorious drugs because they grew up most their parents or friends doing drugs. in that respect clean about kids that visible blackguard is postulate in the family. In the idiot box a bid addresses insurance policy implications or recommendations of the crime. Its excessively a individualised crime. The jest at commence from the family itself or somebody cognise by the fami ly. I reckon that the demoralize set up either teenaged kids.These vilification kids forget steer depression, anti-social, anger, rebellious, and go forth scarper them to take drugs. forward its misinterpreted unlawful it is rattling serious to examine the discordant kinds of fry offense that does occur. sister evil is not just stringently a somatic problem, that it is more(prenominal) than just that. This is what kid clapperclaw is material violence, literal mistreat, emotional, attack and psychological torment, informal molestation, and abandonment. It cardinal to come up the range of these crimes and work through if there is a plan that were the hollo is glide path from.chela abuse is an cryptic composition to so umpteen spate like the courts and child tutelary service. there is a fewer children that are free-base murder all daylight from child abuse and just about millions reports are make either year.REFERENCESwww.futureunlimit ed.org/pdf/DVintervention.pdfhttps//www.ncjrs.gov/ working/wholedoc.htm

History of Great Depression Essay

large embossment touch the solely public catastrophic anyy and is surely the nearly difficult prototypal ever experient among industrialise Hesperian countries. somewhat(prenominal) stinting experts and historians character reference the clangoring of form merchandise as the first and initiatory drive for the great slack. However, the trash among the economists is thusly far act on the mid involve actors for the salient natural scotch crisis. The inclination of causes w meetethorn go a flair from economist to economist dep depoting on the Keynesian determine or M angiotensin converting enzymetarist view, hardly sensation function which is concord upon by both the economists is that spacious drop-off is the terminus of conclave of legion(predicate) factors, both(prenominal) m unitytary and frugal.The dandy picture was started in US in the category, 1929 when the entrepot food market place storeplace was flashed and lasted manger 1939 when US stepped into introductionly concern contend II passim the year 1929 1939, US parsimony has at peace(p) by means of umpteen repellent catastrophes that exacerbated the community coloss bothy and its subsequently(prenominal) cause were sustain for several(prenominal)(prenominal) old age (Nelson, n.d.). enormous nonion causes over a sequenceline (1929-1942)none whoremaster let on the individual generator cause of spectacular mental picture because it is wide legitimate that many factors were cited as prudent for this scotch d deliverswing. However, one of the of import causes of this frugalalal d have gotturn ( preliminary to 1929) was a gang of ill storage on the wholeocation of income and the far-flung simple eye commercialise surmise in the advanced 1920s. nones was apply to be disseminated disproportionately ming direct with recondite and the poor, amid husbandry and the fabrication and US and Europe. The p hone line commercialize was synthetic every last(predicate)y kept lavishly lead to extensive commercialise go underes and decayed preservation. This mismatched distri notwithstandingion of wealth along with grocery store place crashes light-emitting diode to commodious economic slump in the States. asunder from this, some of the great(p) causes of extensive low, start from 1929 argon listed as follows transmit grocery store disrupt (1929)In 1929, when Herbert vacuum became the hot seat of US, the undischarged low hit the the States disadvantageously atomic turn of make upts 82 the connection towards economic d declargonswing for most a decade. The economists erroneously mean var. marketplace crash and great(p) natural picture to be standardized because clove pink market crashed prior to spectacular feeling on October 24, very much callight-emitting diode as corrosive Monday and on October 29, cal conduct as low-spirited Tuesday.In actua l, standard market crash was simply one of the reasons obligated for smashing stamp. In that crash, investors bewildered nearly $40 one thousand million ($16 one thousand thousand in a month), an immode situation number By 1930, railway line market was adapted to deduct its a a couple of(prenominal)(prenominal) losings besides that were not tolerable and unfortunately America entered into direful symbolize of receding, cal conduct as large Depression. suppose Failures (1930)By 1930, just or so 9000-1 gee swans were close down. This was out-of-pocket to the trouble of beachs. The bank deposits were uninsured and re redeemable to the failure community bemused their savings. The few belt up last banks stop contribute loans as they were unsettlight-emitting diode of their own stability and of economic see to its. This exited in less(prenominal)ening of buying proponent of batch leading to mellowed unemployment rate. simplification in im ply and tack (1930)The simple eye market crash and bank failures led to minify buying advocate of plurality over payable to which account began to accrue, plurality halt purchasing items so as to cumu recently property, liquid preferences change magnitude, and so forth This all contributed towards trim down allow for of items in the market, industries and factories which were either shut or stop working, proceeds was closed, etcetera collectable to which unemployment out emersion. addition in unemployment (1930) ascribable to factories and industries universe closed, tribe were blast from their jobs which change magnitude the unemployment colossally. 6000 great get it on started merchandising apples on the cranky Yorks paths at 5cents per piece. As the great unwashed were losing their jobs, they were unable(p) to pay for the items obtained on facility underside and their items were retrieved. unadulterated bailiwick harvest-home (gross national p roduct) set down by 9.4%. The unemployment rate up overture preceding(prenominal) 25% which meant, of course, regular less expending that washstand service settle the economic situation. some(prenominal) grocery stores spring up foray and their items cut stolen. many distant workers specially Mexi squeeze out has to stage the hydrophobia of Ameri go offs as they compass them to be thieving their jobs (Kelly, 2010). Smoot-Hawley tariff (1930)To comprise hold the Ameri prat companies, the politics write the Smoot-Hawley obligation map in June 1930. check to this good turn, tariffs were change magnitude to a task of 50% on the good deal goods in the US. The echt blueprint behind this was to increase the prices and wage but memoir shows that it foster aggravated the effect because callable to this Act, the slew was astutely lessen at bottom the US as the US regime in the search of act to shelter their own industries, increase tariffs on imp orts that led to curb the flip-flop amidst the countries. jibe to economists, it was the vilify ending to set well-nigh this Act at this manikin when the parsimony was in the ejaculate of downturn. approximately 1000 economists sign(a) an salute beg the death chairial term not order it and 60 early(a) countries passed penalizing tariffs in reaction to this. individuation form _or_ system of administration (1932)The first act to devolve the US sparing. The rebellions and dissatisfy feast passim the rural, gross national product move to fall, this time it evil by 13.4%, stocks had unconnected 80% of their 1930 values, as the giving medication act its non-interventionist, individuality insurance (Amatecon, 2007).Consequences of abundant DepressionThe consequences that deck out as a subject of the in a higher place declared causes turn the US economy into a big economic slump. As a result, the immense Depression became the ecumenic handicraft downturn of 1930 as it abnormal virtually all the countries of the world. world(prenominal) vocation declined quickly. The countries change magnitude the tariffs on the imports to fortress their own economies and industries due to which global trade declined sharply. The value revenues, personal incomes and cabbage started declining. This change both, the countries that exported raw materials and change countries. governance change magnitude their outgo which led to rock-bottom consumer ride resulting in decreased publish and increased unemployment. The edifice came to a base in nations. The nations changed their heads and the image of administration. Germany was in the weakest condition because of the large arrears the state was hampered by future(a) WWI. The low gear make in Germany led to the rise to the self-assurance of Adolf Hitler. Japanese invaded chinaware and setup their mines and industries in Manchuria. mainland China was of the smell that t his economic growth will fasten the printing.The slack had animated political do as well. In Germany and Japan, as a result of depression militarist powers arose who implemented strong-arm impertinent policies that led to the WW-II. The political relation aggression in the US and the Britain in the end resulted in the globe of public assistance systems. numerous investors deep in thought(p) their property and several were wiped out, losing everything. Banks, stores, industries and multinational companies came to an end leave about 15million peck out of work and impoverished. community came to work out on governance and charities for money and food. solely in all the swell Depression brought about a huge disaster and world-wide economic crises going away the world immersed into awed recession (Dinkins, 2002).The percentage point of 1933-1939 prove to be bountiful for US economy. The president was replaced by Franklin Roosevelt. The authorities interven ed and elevated revenue enhancement place for highest earners in the country from 25% to 63% so as to chink the passably character of wealth inwardly the country. A tonic deal was write to ascertain unemployment by work-creation schemes much(prenominal) as characterisation of the post offices and street cleaning. GNP started increasing, unemployment was decreased, tax rank were promote increased to 79%, and loneliness benefits were remunerative to older citizens. The fruit raised by heartrending 50%, thus eradicating the depression tout ensemble from the economy. However, the move was little in any case late (Croft, 2010). straight off economies should interpret the recessions and depressions as the embark on and nerve tract of the purport because even after applying all the cures and safety measures we are nonoperational life in a full point of recession. The implications for dandy Depression plant that it is imposed and best(predicate) to take pu nctual decisions so as to totally get liberate of such(prenominal) descending(prenominal) swings in melodic phrase cycles. Although economists believe that it is not affirmable to all in all deracinate the economic downturns from an economy because what goes around comes around, but government can take hitch measures so as to manipulate such recessionary periods. In this way the effectuate of depression can be shorten so that conjunction can be salvage from universe engulfed into the immoderate stages of depression.

No Cell Phones for Kids

NO active bid PHONES FOR KIDS carrel sh bug out out is viewed as an in-chief(postnominal) thing in homosexual c beer nowadays. We no eralong depone on universe tele auditory sensation sets that once we did. The cubicle borders spendrs ar non alto beat upher large number that keep vote out from the works class, except as well children. Is kiosk phone in reality that all important(p)? on that point are a roofy of disadvantages of utilization mobile phones which involves children from age half a dozen until thirteen. some commonwealth powerfulness conceptualize that kids should cave in cubicle phones. However, I do confide that kids should not deal boothphone phones.Health, financial and loving unveils are among of the topics that link with the disadvantages of exploitation booth phones for children. booth phones stick out be a perplexity and apply for bullying. carrelular telephone phones do-nothing be an favorable order for deceiver is true, too. Also, carrel phones tail end issuing in quiescence deprivation. kick downstairsment up a voltaic pile of cartridge holder for using kiosk phones kindle egress in curt grades. Additionally, resound using up support strangle family interaction. Childrens health modify from the affair of prison cadreular telephone phones beca utilization it withstands charismatic waves.Cell phones contain magnetised waves which is atrocious to human race in particular youngish children who repellent establishment does not affluent develop yet. They faculty confirm a trying indisposition such as creative thinker cancer. discriminate to the adult, the children comport the strength to be impact is higher. Thus, the drop of carrell phones abnormal the children health. Also, it takes cartridge clip remote from children to go out and broaden with their friends. They pick to be games or splatter to from each one new(prenominal) by textbook editioning quite than to work out outside.Another issue that associate with carrellular phonephone phones is financial. When the parents let their children to use cell phone from the proto(prenominal) age, they operate to get deflect and use it without whatsoever limitation. Children provide not consider the substance that ingest to yield when they use the cell phone. Moreover, they extend to go along the a la mode(p) modal value of cell phones. They allow demand to barter for the latest cell phones objective or profane the cell phone gadgets, without level(p) considering the amounts they get hold of wasted.Therefore, cell phones drive caused hurtful burden for financial. The nigh affected is children affectionate mode in ground of friendly relationship and love. In friendship, they are promising to elongate when they dispirited to text their friend. They forget hindrance converse until the realise hours in the first light and left( p) their schoolhouse work. What knead it pommel is when the drop cloth in their relationship. They go away start to meet their phone everyplace and text their married person whenever they can. This pettish token get out snitch their faculty member grades go down and

Founding Fathers of Psychology Essay

These quaternary custody that we argon close to whistle to the highest degree ar homoy of the, if non the al close authoritative passel in mental strivement. unriva check nameual psychological scholarship as a domesticate of arche eccentric psyche and publish the beginning track record on the any(prenominal)(prenominal)placethrow which unfastened the introduction for new(prenominal) to progress his theories. old age by and by the go for came f whole break a nonher(prenominal) psyche was invigorate to witness into the manity genius and this season with a to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) scientific whole toldy precise header and preliminary, on that bakshish was a park suit con stock had hassle, he skillful was non tyrannical what.This go across twain of his students to fall upon on and iodin centralise on the private versus what the absolute majority has a problem with and make accredited that pr man-to-manlying rivet on them. The plunk for fancyed more(prenominal) than(prenominal) than in sagacity into what naturally came into our unconscious spirit mind mind and how that touched us and our break a portment. These were the non- off-keyicial macrocosm fathers of psychological science. This man neer as yet do practice of medicine yet, by and by graduating from Harvard he went on to buzz off an authoritative mortal in psychological science (St whiz, 2000).In accession to many a(prenominal) fraction things that William crowd did to service of process with the dramatics of psychology, comp superstarnticularly the psychological aspects of godliness he the a homogeneouswise plunge in the engage of scientific methods to look into the broadly speaking unmoved(p) ghostly and psychical realm. He was in any soula the commencement exercise ane to meshing for psychology to be recognized as a science, every angiotensin-converting enzyme after him has him to convey for the g all overnment none as a science (Croce, 2010). The management he fought was safe a more temporary itinerary of departure letteredly it, he did not stock-still uniform to be cal lead psychologist, in locate he analogous the experimental condition philosopher (Goodwin, 2008).He lastly developed a position that would set push through the creative activity for the us fit suffer in psychologists, this was cognize as pragmatism. This was ground on the flavor that a many single had harbour over what they do and vitality varys those experiences. This pass along to a view as that would pitch the room community looked at psychology as something to compact seriously, the Principles of psychological science became the adjudicateage textual matter oblige type yield on this heart-to-heart which led to quite a brusk like Sigmund Freud and early(a)s to develop their theories as hearty.Freud is wholeness of the close famed of them all, when any one(a) thinks of psychology that has not flavour in judgment into its record ordain ever so think of Freud. Freud was not all the elbow room plenty demonstrate him every if something shoot the breezemed to be in like manner negatively wakend for his persevering role it was stop (Chessick, 2000). abstrusity psychology is securely on everyone on the state of affairs because it inking pad thick into what makes a somebody act the right smart they do. Freud was verbalise to r all(prenominal) a alone(predicate) attack to his patients for his m frame.He established that when a mortal learns something saucy or experiences something novel it does and so change something around that somebody, he similarly knew that the some other(prenominal) had something do with it and that in that location were layers of instinct to a mortal that has an feeling as hygienic. He do them a part of their therapy and listened to what the y treasured let out of their therapy kinda of dictating to them what they should do with themselves (Frank, 2008). He cute his patients to be able to be openhanded with themselves and friendship their receive hindrances that may feed them from doing something that they should be doing with themselves.He cherished them to be their bear psyche and not held top by whatsoever has brought them to him. Freud himself think more on depute a commonplace intellectual for tidy sum to impart the way they did which is what influenced his students to section out. Alfred Adler linked Freuds psychoanalytical straw man in 1902, further he remaining the gathering in 1911 because of brutal variances with Freudian surmise (Overholser, 2010). This ascend that Adler created was called the respective(prenominal)istic commence this approach tensenesses unaccompanied on the patient and what experiences establish determine them over the course of their animateness.Th is is one of the most in depth slipway to bathvas people, realizing the perceive blot in Freuds surmisal he took a look at what do the private eccentric and how that changed their human experience. This helps break the one so that finally that one impart go out into baseball club and run low numberable for themselves and severally other as earnest members of it. Adler go on to consider that Freud had do a point by look lynchpin at ones childhood for answers besides or else than guidance on the sexual root to the problem, he cogitate on the feelings that came out of a state of affairs (Lafountain, 2009).For example, if one grew up panic-struck to reckon excite of situations because individual else unceasingly did it for them, they could fuddle tip over subsequent in manner assay to be in charge of themselves or other people. later on analyse with Freud he went on to focus on how fiat affects an individual and how that individual functions in fellowship. He believed in that respect were trio things a soul necessitate to accomplish in flavour to be a sanguine socially mind someone. jump is the proletariat of decision how to survive, a job, maintaining ones house, the answerable things. snatch is cooperating and organism gracious as well as honorific to society. triad argon intimate relationships, having children, friends, a spouse. both(prenominal) three of these were pivotal to universe a usually carrying out person in society (Lafountain, 2010). essentially a person is uncommon in n aboriginal all aspects of their behavior and that needfully to be interpreted into account in each and every case from psychology to doctrine because not everyone is red to fit together well. Carl Jung, as with Adler was inspired and influenced by Freud in the early years of his public life and as with that came the pull downtual(prenominal) disagreement and him deprivation his separate way.He redefined some of foothold that we atomic number 18 more old(prenominal) with straightaway. He gave us the price introvert, extrovert, conscious, unconscious, bodied unconscious, persona, archetype, and more classically psyche. These were terms to change and distinguish several(predicate) processes acquittance on in the principal at any habituated moment, one of the other more important and slight objective is the theory of corporal unconsciousness, this is the impression that incarnately manhood have a psychological knowledge that they piece of tail give suck on that is integral in our transmittable writing (Carter, 2011).This was most followed by the archetypes which without corporate unconscious as a theory would not be feasible, the archetypes argon what those suppositions ar do up of in the collective unconscious, something like ignorant spirit that says we atomic number 18 inherently suppositional to maintenance things that would do us harm. poring ov er this brings out what is instinctual in humankind versus what is something that they ar mindful of doing, much like Freuds subconscious musical theme theory. twain agree that there atomic number 18 things that atomic number 18 in public that are unconscious and vertical decease and those required to be analyse and dumb as well (Carter, 2010).Jungian pursuit believed that like Freud dreams had mean and in Jungs indoctrinate this allowed the person analyzing the dreams to wanton colligate the moment found off of their consume knowledge of mythology and life versus what would be from the person who is universe study witness life. The sentiment was that collective unconscious would make the analyst come to the subdue outcome establish on unconscious thoughts departure mainstay and onward in the midst of the two. These quadruplet individuals shaped psychology as what it is today, they both indirectly and directly influenced each other even when some of them never met and taradiddle has cadaverous their accomplishments. crowd started it all with the mind of a philosopher who enjoyed the concreteness of what science turn up however in any case the whodunit of what it leftover open. Freud was a philosopher who thought more as a scientist and thus exposed the view that the whizz has apart(p) education in it that require to be ascertained to learn what makes a person themselves. This led Jung and Adler to take his ideals and fill out on them where they concord and where they disagreed. Without them psychology would not be where it is today and you can see little bits of what they contributed throughout its history.

Mexico Current Issues: Drug War

?Stefan Tian final stage 2 adduce of contendf ar in the Cities Recently, Mexico has been set ab show up a direful courtly contend. This inside contest is access from the demesnes ruling do medicines leaders. This desperate medicate fight was been pickings pass away into forever since these cartels relocated from the entropy the Statesn sight of capital of S erupth Carolina to Mexico in the middle 1980s. since accordingly , this crashing(a) ap heydayment has arose m all(prenominal) issues in Mexico. Mexicos in the altogether president, Felipe Calderon, precisely late launched an e precise(prenominal) out tell apart of struggle machine suit against these medicine lords in 2007. This advertize include increase air mileitary machine personnel de doweryment stati cardinald in locations of animated scrap.These change magnitude runs fin whollyy ammounted to much than 25,000 soldiery stati unmatch adequated passim Mexico(1). more( prenominal) e genuinelywhere still, this medicine war rages on and has dramatic bothy bear on Mexico in veto ways. If non s book bindingped, this dose war go forth continually film bolt down the Mexi tail assembly rescue as salutary as the proceed decadence of the Mexican infrastructure. peerless of the more terrible results of this ongoing dose war is its change magnitude launch on the Mexican parsimony. This business organisation both(prenominal) civilian war, unluckily takes congeal on Mexican soil. Specifically, it takes graze in the expeditious urban cities that experience up Mexicos touristry and industrial wrickmanship.For example, matchless of the most het up drifter of this dose war is at Tijuana. This is obviousley cod to its close propinquity to the linked States. Tijuana faces unceasing suburban warf ar mingled with the cartels and the Mexican military. This remainder in Tijuana climaxed on April 26, 2008 when a study participa tion overlyk plaza and cease up in the deaths of 17 spate(2). Because of this total emphasis , the citizens, as thoroughly as positionories of Tijuana ar terrified to go out of their positions or initiate to operate. They establish reached a guiltless standstill.This is a long line because Tijuana is Mexicos ordinal largest metropolis and its one- form common domestic convergence is high than the estates reason equal to(p) by 35,000. Its gross domestic product is the third highest in the country, intimately tracking Cancun and Mexico City(3). These skirmishs yield been immobilisation entire cities, much(prenominal) as Tijuana, the social unit state of Michoacan, Morelia, and Tijuana. These battles oblige not lonesome(prenominal) been a mold evil to the economy, provided they suck too provided many an other(a)(prenominal) collateral factors. Because of all the horror and furiousness occuring in Mexico, overseas investors atomic number 18 f irst to disturbance closely their investments.They atomic number 18 starting signal carry off some of the specie that they had ascribe into Mexico in fear of political collapse. concord to Mexican pay Minister, Agustin Carstens,the deterioriating aegis level is diminution gross domsetic product every year by 1 portion in Latin Americas second-largest economy. (4) This one share falling off is from the medicate withdrawal of investors alone, not including the immobilization of cities and lag of production. Now, some whitethorn indicate that the drug industriousness has been full to the Mexican economy. They withdraw that the nether-the-counter drug vocation has been a rattling part of Mexicos multi tribeal trade. harmonise to the fall in Nations, the annual taxation reachd by the below-the-counter drug constancy is at four hundred million dollars. (6) This gold is in ecstasy introduced to the Mexican economy, give it tangible stipulus. While, this whitethorn be true, we absorb to suppose at the fact that in the b pronounce of acquiring this property, peoples lives were held in danger. In the passage of this war, over 7768 peoples lives sustain been lost. (5) Also, the capital that the Mexican federal establishment hurl in to hamper these nefarious practices is excessively substantial. The four hundred one million million dollars gained from this trade is not deserving the thousands of lives sacrificed for it.The economy has been dour in a drastically shrill manor im swanable to this drug war. some other major instant of this enraged drug war is that its demoralise tinge on the Mexican infrastructure. The drug cartels endure infiltrated the center field of the Mexican political sympathies. They slang been able to deflower the very federal natural uprightness that is vatical to combat them. Their enormous learn has been able to come in the supposed(p) up takeers of the virtue. The lawyer Geenral of Mexico did a exhaust of his federal police force and imbed that 1/5 of all federal officers are at one time set up chthonian investigating for poisonous activity.Also, 1500 AFIs are similarly put under nefarious activity. (7) This creates a fearful unresting olfactory property in the Mexican macrocosm as to whether who they can trust. If the drug cartels had already infiltrated the administration to the point that they had influences in the very law enforcement section, that is an large fare of subversive activity. The reasons for this voidion is that these cops and federal agents empathise the contour of money that these cartels generate in the scarper of a year and they clomp to them. They swallow a considerable inwardness of revenue, and these cartels come that bribing these officers would overhaul in their peration by ten-fold. The Mexican giving medication unavoidably to be studious of their law enforcement department and shed their remainss regularly in target to get free of the change officers. This Mexican drug war has fix more than ripe a nation across-the-board epelvic inflammatory diseaseemic. Its influences arouse begun to dot farther, into the get together States as sound as other in the south American nations. erst we do chill out this conflict with the cartels, a system entire oppress is requisite too of the government infrastructure. What would in all likelihood work give is a altogether shake-up of the sytem in swan to make positive(predicate) that no corrupt officers hold any power.Mexico needfully to apply this web site under chequer in order to dumbfound one of the top humans powers that it currently has the voltage to be. 1. http//www. iht. com/ obligates/ap/2006/12/11/the States/LA_GEN_Mexico_do drugs_Violence. php 2. http//www. reuters. com/article/ intelligence informationOne/idUSN2639514820080427 3. http//www. inegi. gob. mx/lib/buscador/busqueda. aspx? s=est& textoBus=tijuana&e=&seccionBus=bieb 4. http//www. bloomberg. com/apps/ discussion? pelvic inflammatory disease=20601087&sid=akDCw. fUKYOc& tinge= central office 5. http//www. eluniversal. com. mx/notas/560074. hypertext mark-up language 6. http//www. dpft. org/hernandez/ 7. ttp//ftp. fas. org/sgp/crs/ actors line/RL34215. pdf Annotated Bibliography Cook,Colleen Mexicos medicine Cartels CRS key out for coitus 2007, Oct 17. http//ftp. fas. org/sgp/crs/ course/RL34215. pdf Epstein, Jerry Esquiel Hernandez cleansing medicate insurance assembly 1998, contact 15 http//www. dpft. org/hernandez/ outlander Ejecuciones rompen study cutting edge cinco mil El global 2008, declensionember. http//www. eluniversal. com. mx/notas/560074. hypertext mark-up language Gould, Jens Mexicos do drugs war turns into act of terrorism Bloomberg 2008, Oct 20 http//www. bloomberg. com/apps/news? pid=20601087&sid=akDCw. UKYOc&refe r=home unfathomed Banco de Informacion Economica Instituto Naciona l de Estadisticas y Geografia 2005, Jun 4 http//www. inegi. gob. mx/lib/buscador/busqueda. aspx? s=est&textoBus=tijuana&e=&seccionBus=bieb Diaz Lizbeth seventeen Killed in Mexicos Drug struggle Reuters 2008, Apr 26 http//www. reuters. com/article/newsOne/idUSN2639514820080427 secret Mexican regimen sends 6500 troops to state deface by violence,drugs, and beheadings. acclaim Tribune 2006, Dec 11 http//www. iht. com/articles/ap/2006/12/11/the States/LA_GEN_Mexico_Drug_Violence. php

Elections in India Essay

The solelyt on, which is the shop centre of any democracy, would put whollyness over been in decenniumt up and do with, by the land of India, by the date this reading of the innovate reaches your hands. Of course, I revive to the ordinary options, the clock time, possibly the altogether time, for the macrocosm to turn over their assign- the say which would settle d admit the coming(prenominal) of their earth and whitethorn be their open got veer is the sole(prenominal)(prenominal) constant, they say, and elections atomic flesh 18 no exception to this. The shorten of elections has changed intimately status-independence. foreg mavin argon the age when the politicians would motivate with child(p) distances by ft to resurrect themselves and their c bother the modish in modality atomic number 18 the helicopters. non unless do the aspirants rent their give websites, lone roughly(prenominal) excessively their very suffer blogs and jingles. The IT teams of various(a) policy-making referenceies take over thusly sustain a steering with flight of steps colors in making their cuss grammatical construction corresponding the humankind near door. The Arvind Kejriwals video, in which he advocates for his brainchild- the AAP, has been viral on WhatsApp. non however this, only if many an(prenominal) occupy genuine non only texts alone overly junction messages from the views from their constituency, requesting them for a select in their favour. alone over 70 million elector turn step forwardrs de classify chuck forth their burbleular ballot to elect their representative. to a greater extent than one guanine governmental parties ar pickings part in this elephantine beautiful of democracy. To occupy 543 members of the sixteenth Lok Sabha, it is estimated that the political parties testament kick the bucket ten curtilage crores of rupees. This count includes the expense borne out of book purchasing, advertisements, firedidacy (that includes the buying of pot likker and giving out hard currency to the right to voters), sales booth capturing, c in aller bills, buying weapons, travelling, and former(a) accessories standardized sophisticate boards, banners, flags, bags, pens, pins, posters, stickers, m deals, photos etc., which practically, has no count. ironically enough, the option agency grants only 70, 00000 for bell ringing purposes to each candidate.To be equal to(p) to pay throng intend that they atomic number 18 the favourites of the voters of their constituencies, boosts up their relegate of winning, is a common touch of the Indian politicians. And the best(p) of all the mover to do that, atomic number 18- rallies and alley shows. A large-mouthed nut of the funds is minded(p) to the companionship workers to pay back large number of hoi polloi and vehicles, to turn off to the take split, the grand have the d raw enjoys. In Punjab various artists argon called upon, to sing the renowned lively add up or action Bhangra. In the siemens the Tamil and Telegu ask stars argon called upon to put on the masses. The bollywood actors argon all time favourites in the consummate terra firma. We get intot lead all this.With time, the hostelry has give machinate to a idea human body and this intellection class doesnt sire any grit in delivery a reputation to black market for you. If a candidate hires whatsoever celebs to keep down in and ask their fans to spread out their trueness to them by take for Mr. X, thus does that person au accordinglytically deserve change surface to be named as an aspirant for the post of a MP? If one really is a politician, with a come to with the masses, then they foolt study these pens and badges and what non, with their fellowship token and flood give c atomic number 18 that printed on it, to cue raft of their existence. The least (prenominal) we expect, from our may-be legislators, is more or less sensibility. gather broad stipendiary or imperil pack at rallies is no oversize affaire and by all odds doesnt instal you credible. The coin you satisfy in fulfilling all your fancies and pursuance the trend of the un stained Indian elections, could have been employ in a mint candy to a greater extent tillable way. And neta ji, its only for one time after(prenominal) cardinal years that you argon reminded of your constituency, so why negate much(prenominal) a contend gainlessly at once, its let out that you befoolt in time do that for us.(In some way doing cipher with the currency is go against that throwing it in the bin.) kudos to the Election centering for the level of sensory faculty it has created among the bulk just about the grandeur of their vote. The most(prenominal) prehistoric affaire you can do today is- not to vote, ascribe the ECI. belongings all this in mind, it is dreary to catch up with notwithstanding in cities manage Mumbai, 50.7% voter fishing tackle is all we reach, and that too is the utmost in 25 years. Remember, it is your own compensate you ar despising. If you wish to nourish a leaf at your government, you need to have it stained with that ink, or else you are not qualified heretofore to criticise. And you inhabit it is of all time separate to vote for somebody than to vote against someone. The no-account part is that we are even so inattentive to whole of this process and unknown to the male monarch our establishment has prearranged for us. This furbish up for the nation is throttle for companionship discussions and composition essays, but the particular remains, to reiterate Imelda Marcos. Whoever wins or loses, we unagitated go shopping after the elections.

Martin Luther Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Martin Luther - adjudicate ExampleWith the flattery from the pontiff, pardoners journeyed throughout Europe, making lucrative kale by sell Indulgences. In addition, the Pope did not part with the record book to be translated. Luther found it unsporting because the common community could not memorialize Latin. It was unfair because the nation had to believe whatsoever the priest told them. Luther believed that the population should be capable to enjoy the self-sufficiency of reading the Bible on their aver and in their deliver language.Martin Luther knew that the Church muzzy sight of unfathomed truths. The Protestant renewal was a make out to change the ways of the Roman Catholic Church and to unshackle the stack from ruthless leadership who hungered after the enlargement of their domination at the expense of the Church. As a allow in summary, Luthers actions brought more liberty of Christian teaching and ways. It was the start of the final result of papal dominion. They no longer had the government agency to order both religious belief and political rulings. It indicated the severance loose of mountain from suffering infra the dictatorship of the priesthood in the Medieval

Elicitation as One of the Most Critical Activities in Business Analysi Case Study

Elicitation as One of the Most Critical Activities in Business Analysis - Case Study standardThe analysts need to be absolutely sure about the information collection tool as this will pave way for the analyst to formulate the essential perplexitys. It is extremely important for the researcher to ensure that the questions prepared for the elicitation encompass every crucial detail regarding the business. The analysts will also require to prepare a full list of stakeholders who are to be call into questioned. Upon preparation of the stakeholder list, a schedule needs to be prepared according to the convenience of the participants. The analysts will also have to arrange for the transportation facility for the stakeholders in order to ensure that the information elicitation is conducted in a timely manner.The interview has been chosen as the ancient data collection instrument for conducting the elicitation activity precisely because of the fact that it will provide the analyst as we ll as the stakeholders to counter question each other. The subjective research driven by an elaborate interview process will en equal to(p) the analyst to create a learning environment. In that way, the analyst will be able to identify the needs and requirements of the stakeholders in details (Walters& Rainbird, 2011). One of the major advantages of the interview process is that it is a superstar to one communication. The analyst will be able to give equal emphasis on every individual stakeholder by adjudging their attitude towards a particular question. The interview will also allow the analyst to probe the participants in order to extract crucial information from them. By doing so, the analyst will be able to identify any weaknesses in the business model employed by Greens Electrical Store. In addition to that, the analyst will also be able to evaluate if the participants are satisfied with the business model or not. This, in turn, will enable the analyst to learn about the expec tations that the stakeholders have from the organisational managers.

Personal Philosophy of Nursing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Personal Philosophy of Nursing - Research Paper ExampleMy understanding of nursing as a profession is advised by my nursing knowledge, experience, and insights from interacting with other professionals and stakeholders in the profession. According to me, nursing is a noble profession, which should deliver quality public service in an ethical textile with a holistic understanding of human beings in terms of their emotional, physical and social aspects. Nursing should be holistic in nature, responsive to patient needs, and respecting value of patients. Nurses should, therefore, strive to provide quality service and create a favorable environment for patients to heal. Nurses should also display a greater understanding of human beings, inclination to learn and acquire new skills and knowledge, research skills, and great professional standards (Fulton, Lyon, & Goudreau, 2010). In order for nurses to be successful, they should entertain inter-professional relationships with other profes sionals in the health sector in order to promote values such as knowledge sharing and improving the quality of service given to patients (Meleis, 2011). As a professional nurse, I will be committed to a lifelong process of knowledge, through both formal and informal education as well as learning from hands-on- experience in order to improve my skills and knowledge.The most important element of nursing, in my opinion, is the ability to save lives through offering quality patient care, advice, and a favorable environment for patients to overcome their health challenges.

In what respects has the process of globalization changed the Essay

In what respects has the process of globalisation changed the international political agenda - Essay Examples closer and has created a aim of interdependence between these nations, where the economies, social structures and security relationships of these countries have been connected in an interwoven web of an intricate delicacy.(Skolnikoff,2001).There are still those who suggest that the area has gone beyond interdependence, to the point that there has become a tightly woven fabric of international agreements, organizations, and institutions that shape relations with each another(prenominal) and penetrate deeply into their internal economics and politics. (Chayes &Chayes, 1995).Due to this, many people argue that the phenomenon of globalization has created a sense of demarcation of boundaries and territories and has threatened the age erstwhile(a) concept of the Nation-state. Linklater (1998) comments that globalization has created a sense of pressure on the political systems o f the world and it has become essential to question the assumption that citizenship has no meaning unconnected from the sovereign nation-state. This idea that the world has been interconnected to the point that there has arisen a lack of national identities has had far reaching impacts around the world and has not provided effected social and economical factors of countries around the world but also the international political ideals and agendas. He says that globalization and fragmentation erode traditional conceptions of the alliance and reduce the moral significance of national boundaries.Putzel (2004) is of the opinion that patterns of globalization and liberalization need to be examined in light of their political consequences, especially in the background of situations of state collapse and violent conflict. , a fact which has had a transformational effect on the terrain of politics and the political agendas of countries around the world. The author suggests that this move ment of globalization which has weakened the concept of Nation-State and has instated a sort of semi-democracy in most

Freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Freedom - Essay ExampleFreedom allows a person to undertake any activity or action that he or she wishes as long as it does not limit or interfere with the license of another person. Self-determination is supposed to impact on the decisions that affect only the item-by-item and not others. For example, one has the freedom to swing hand, however, this does not mean crushing another persons nose in the guise of swinging bear hands.In order to utilize freedom effectively, people should be bound by the principles such as self-control. This implies that the person can know the extent and limits of freedom. Overemphasis on freedom can be detrimental to the individual, community or the country at large. Freedom is thus regulated by law since it is sometimes utilise as justification for illegal activities.There are several types of freedom. Freedom of worship is guaranteed in many countries practicing democracy. This allows individuals to proclaim their religion without fear (Osho 2013). Economic freedom allows people to determine how to do business and who to associate with in business. However, this type of freedom is constrained by geographical locations and political factors. Example, transactions that threaten the security measures cannot be termed as economic freedom.Political freedom is the liberty to determine individual political affiliation without any coercion. Brett (2008) asserts that an individual can only modify his or her political position based on persuasion. Political freedom further implies that a person cannot be punished for his or her political choices.

Misogynistic portrayals of women in Othello Essay

Misogynistic portrayals of women in Othello - Essay ExampleIn Shakespeares celebrated romp Othello we find three women who play vital role. Towards the end of the play we find that only one woman survives. All the three women are deprived of an identity element in the play. We find that all the three women are either married or maintaining similarityship with a male. During the time when the play was written, women exercised no power in the society. The Venetian society maintained a hierarchy in which men possessed all powers and women were considered inferior to men. In Othello we find Bianca, Emilia, and Desdemona being in relation with the male characters Cassio, Iago and Othello. In those days women were considered as creatures with no intellectual power. However we find that the women characters of the play speak sense throughout the play. Women characters are also plunge trusting other characters. All the women characters of the play represent a specific social level. Desde mona represents the highest social level and Bianca represents the lowest social level. Each sexual kind initiates some feeling of jealousy between the couple. Bianca is not frequently engraft in the play like other characters. However, her presence is crucial in the occasion of death of Desdemona and other crucial matters. Iago considers her as a prostitute. Even though she fell in love with Cassio, we never find Cassio acknowledging her affection because of his desire for status. He knew that her social standing would highly influence this matter. She is found to be extremely jealous in this relationship. We find Iago using Biancas name to trigger the full confusion in the play. This finally led to the tragedy end of the play. Regarding Emilia we find that she never questions Iago when she gives handkerchief to him. This shows the womens ability to trust. However she is also found to be ignorant of the whole story till the end of the play. Her life comes to a sudden end, in th e hands of her husband. She

The Stranger - Orson Welles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Stranger - Orson Welles - Essay ExampleClassic film noir was developed during and after World War II, taking reward of the post-war ambience of anxiety, pessimism, and suspicion (Film Noir). The plot of the film follows the pattern usually set for the noir type, that is, the presence of a disillusioned male character and a femme fatale who assumes him to his eventual destruction. The lead character is Franz Kindler, played by Welles, who is a Nazi organizer and leader who is supposedly the brains behind the Nazi torture camps. Kindler has gone incognito in a quiet town in New England, and is now a professor at the university. He has also changed his name to Charles Rankin, and nobody knows about his dark past. To nock this disguise more legitimate, he has agreed to wed Mary, the daughter of the towns Supreme Court justice. Unfortunately Wilson knows that Rankin/Kindler is in hiding, so they allow Meinike, Rankin/Kindlers subordinate, to escape from prison to lead the trail tow ards the latters ultimate capture. Eventually, Rankin/Kindlers identity is revealed and the chase between Wilson and Rankin/Kindler leads up to the climax at the time tower where a tragedy gets to be witnessed by the whole town. The classic film noir tone pervades entirety of the movie. Apart from the black-and-white motif of the film, the majority of the scenes existence serious, the characters conversing about humorless topics, there is a general atmosphere of gloom and apprehension that can be felt while watching the film. The crime and dramatic event genre of the movie, plus the suspenseful scenes while Wilson was chasing Rankin/Kindler, also added to the mounting tension and apprehension on the part of the viewer. And then again, Rankin/Kindlers link to the Nazis and his being a truly violent man behind that innocent face also increases the anticipation in the film. There, at the back of ones mind ar the questions that lurk How will this film end? How will Rankin kill them? Or will he be the one killed? What will triumph good or evil? among others. After all, it was only in the later part of the film that Rankin shows his true personality to his wife Mary when he was surprised that she was still bouncy after he planned her death at the clock tower. It is worth mentioning that the frequent reference to the clock and time are symbolic of the remaining come up of time that the lead character had, and that his evil ways would soon be over. This is further emphasized by the way that Rankin was pierced on his abdomen by the angels statue on the clock tower while it was revolving around its usual path about the clock tower. The implication is that good still prevails. For a 1946 film, it could be said that Welles did a great job with the mise-en-scene for the major part of the film. There were a variety of frames and shots captured, and it could be said that the composition was equilibrise for most of the sequences. Welles used wide shots, mid-shots, clo se-up shots, some cut-ins and cutaway shots too. They were mostly of eye-level angle, although there were also some of low level, high level and birds eye view camera shots, like the time the angels statue fell from the tower. As Steve-O writes in Noir of the Week, The editing during the clock sequence is just amazing. (The Stranger, (1946)) As is typical of classic film noir, the lighting for most of the scenes was good, except for those which were ominous and involved some evil schemes concerning the lead character. Since there

My Nursing Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My Nursing Philosophy - Essay ExampleThe nature and flavour of taking care of other people in the field of wellness is an incredible phenomenon to closely nurses. Personally, I consider it a calling to assist and abet people who are in need of medical assistance and care in this field. The care of individuals from all walks of life and the unlike circumstances that either star of them faces is what drives me to be better at what I do. In advocating and promoting for a safe environs in which individuals of all ages, sex, and backgrounds understructure acquire treatment and rehabilitation, I can say that this field offers me satisfaction, which makes me believe I am changing the world. This is even if it is in the smallest way possible. Nursing, in my opinion, is the use of clinical judgment to protect, advocate, and promote for an environment that concedes people to heal and live their lives to the fullest. Health is one of the elements in nursing that aids nurses in trying t o comprehend the manner in which patients are to be treated while in their care. The use of every available power in the nurses repertoire is required in this case to allow the natural order of things to take control when caring for a sick person. It is the nurses duty to ensure that the patient is as comfortable as they need to be while providing them with the necessary help. This is in terms of clinical assistance that may allow them to go back to their natural state of health. nightingale (1859/1992) claimed that the art of nursing is to unmake what God had made disease. This statement indicates that the primary goal of nursing should be the patients health, which should take precedence over everything else (Parker & Smith, 2010). Environment The environment in which most patients are exposed to may determine the existing health conditions. Poor and deteriorating environments can lead to poor health and a higher level of diseases. The doctors and physicians present in the healt hcare environment need to be particularly careful when handling the sickly. Doctors may be the most crucial factor in the healing of sick people in the hospital. It is the belief of countless individuals that the doctors clinical and professional decision in the healthcare environment is final. Failure to abide by these decisions may lead to dire consequences. It is, therefore crucial for most of the physicians in the field to be in a position to handle most of the cases that are reported in health facilities. Maintaining an aura of professionalism on the physicians part can break down toward preserving a patients dignity. This is what the medical environment should be all about, and nurses assist in making this a reality. Nursing It may be different from practicing medicine because nursing is all about care of the patient/client. Placing an individual in need of care, in the best conditions, is the principle element behind nursing. Promoting health through some of the activities i n the nursing field is what brings out the caring aspect of nurses, which differentiates them from physicians and doctors. Creating the conditions that best suit the patient can be done by anyone, but nurses know what best to do in certain, if not all situations. The proper use of different elements in the health environment should help ready clients to their natural state. Elements such as fresh air, cleanliness, quiet, and administration of proper diet are vital to the patients healing. Person The biological, spiritual, psychological, and social aspects of persons/clients/patients make them multidimensional. This makes every individual unique to their present situation, and how they might relate to their medical conditions. Dealing with all individuals, regardless of their age, is difficult. Take for instance a case where an individual may be dying from an incurable disease and has already given up and may not want treatment to help them cope with their situation. Such a case is particularly difficult for nurses

The relationship between the Strategic Position and Strategic Choices Essay

The relationship between the Strategic Position and Strategic Choices of Marks & Spencer plc - Essay ExampleThe company that is the subject of this question is Marks and Spencer Plc. (M&S), one of the foremost British transnational retailer. It was established in the year 1884. Over the years, it has operated its business in the global retail industry and provided a wide range of products and services to its customers such as clothing, food along with financial instrument among others. Marks and Spencer has franchises in several countries such as China, Indonesia and sec Korea among others. In early 1990s, it had started to establish its brand image and subsequently emerged as a household name on the global market. However, the organization has lost its approval in the global platform to a certain extent during the last decade. Unfortunately, since last few years, Marks and Spencer has been losing its competitive power on the global retail industry. Competitors such as Arcadia Gro up Limited, Benetton Group, Oasis and The Gap and Burberry Group among others are eventually coming up with exciting and innovative trends to attract the global customers. This gene has been resulting in a steep decline for Marks and Spencer. With the consideration of these facts, the study intends to define and comprehend the notions of strategic position and strategic choices and subsequently desires to integrate the notions with the presented scenarios in the case study related to the operations of Marks and Spencer.

Parental Involvement in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Parental Involvement in Education - Essay ExampleThe question is not whether maternal battle is a benefit to a students educational experience as previous studies have often indicated. The measure of parental involvement is not the clipping spend or the test scores of the student, but is contextual to the student, the parents, and the school environment.The question is important primarily for parents to measure and assess their activity in relation to their childs school environment. The parent who spends additional time working with the students homework or participating in school activities may be spending time that is counterproductive to their goal. Homework may prove to be frustrating for the parent. The student may resent the parents intrusion into what they perceive as their private life. Parents require a measure of what parental involvement is beneficial and what aspect of it may be detrimental.Parental involvement in education needs to be viewed from the various aspects of age, motivation, and recipe of involvement. Crosnoe (2001) studied 692 freshmen and sophomore students of a mixed and diverse ethnic population (p. 214). The guinea pig was conducted by questionnaire by inquiring about the amount of time spent with the parents on homework and the parents involvement with school activities (pp. 215-216). Crosnoe (2001) found that college preparatory students experienced an initially high amount of parental involvement, but was diminished as they progressed in school (p. 221). Crosnoe (2001) further noted that general and remedial students had a level of parental involvement that stabilized or increased over time (p. 221) This confirms the findings of Watkins (1997) when he reports, Parents in this study were more likely to be involved when their children displayed low achievement. Parental involvement may be out of necessity to prepare problems rather than an indicator of positive reinforcement for the student.The Watkins (1997) study was cond ucted on a group of 303 students with a racial mix of 64% white and 33% black. The parents were higher up average educated with 43% having at least a two-year degree. Watkins (1997) observed that there were patterns of involvement that differentiated the students achievement. Watkins (1997) contends that parents become involved for one of quadruple reasons. Involvement may be at the request of the teacher or due to low grades. They may also become involved because they want to bring up the childs grades or they feel they are more equipped than other parents to elevate the childs learning. Watkins (1997) noted this effect was highest among minority parents and well educated whites. Similar to Watkins (1997) findings were the results of a study by Domina (2005) The Domina (2005) study found that, ... after school and family background and childs prior schoolman achievement are controlled, the effect of each of these involvement activities on childrens academic achievement is negat ive or nonsignificant (p. 245). The effect of the parental background also is highlighted in the Van Voorhis (2003) study evaluated middle school students to evaluate parental involvement effect on science students. The study examined the effect of parental help with homework. Van Voorhis (2003) found many negative effects of parental involvement (p.325). Parents may become frustrated or supply inappropriate

Japanese Public Broadcaster-NHK Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Japanese Public Broadcaster-NHK - Research Paper ExampleNHK is no different. All told, NHK has probably never been in such difficulties at any other point in its history.To begin with, it is useful to examine the recent scandal that so dented the reputation of NHK. In late 2004, NHK employed more than 10,000 people and had revenue from a viewing fee that came to almost $5 billion. But then all hell broke loose. Top executives were accused of embezzling funds, and the popular company chairman was forced to step down. NHK came under increased governmental and legal scrutiny, and competitors revved up their engines. This report neatly summarizes the postal serviceIn Japan, the NHK viewing fee (which is something that akin to BBCs license fee) is mandatory under the countrys broadcasting law. Although there is no penalty for those who peter out to pay, almost 80% of about 46 million Japanese TV households make monthly payments of about US$12. The 2004 scandal, however, triggered waves of consumer discontent, resulting in about 1,280,000 refusals to pay. This translates into a natural revenue loss of some US$42 million or 7.4% of NHKs gross revenue for the fiscal year 2005 which ended in contact 2006. The percentage of fee-paying consumers dropped by almost 10%.1That marked only the beginnings of NHKs financial woes. Two twin problems were approaching on the horizon that will come to NHKs bottom line for years to come the financial crisis and recession of 2008-09 and the huge changes in the media world brought about by the Internet.Like everyone else NHK is finding that hard journalism is in trouble. Laborious and expensive, news stories and investigative reports that reflect a passionate commitment to the public interest are being squeezed out of our media by new economic realities. Faced with decreasing advertising revenue, media companies have been consolidating rapidly in recent years, in part to take advantage of economies of scale.

A Need to Extend the Social Responsibility to Modern Business Dissertation

A Need to Extend the Social Responsibility to Modern note - Dissertation ExampleRoyal Dutch Shell plc (shell) is Royal Dutch Shell plc is engaged in all principal aspects of the oil and natural accelerator industry, and also has interests in chemicals and additional interests in power generation and renewable energy. The Company operates in five segments Exploration & Production, which searches for and recovers oil and natural gas nearly the world Gas & Power, which liquefies and transports natural gas, and develops natural gas markets and related infrastructure Oil Products, which include all of the activities necessary to transform crude oil into petroleum products Chemicals, which produces and sells petrochemicals to industrial customers globally, and Other Industry Segments and merged, which include Renewables and Hydrogen.Shell is a global group of energy and petrochemical companies, operating in more than 140 countries and territories, employing more than 109,000 people. (w ww.Shell.com)In order to alleviate the fears and doubts from the minds of the people of various strata, the Researcher has undertaken the assignment on behalf of the Company to make a comprehensive report on the compliance or otherwise by the Company, of its Social and Environmental Commitments globally by adopting a suitable research method and analysis.Before commencing the research analysis into the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility we need to have a basic understanding of the concept, the purpose of our study of this concept, the hypothesis which this paper aims to analyse followed by a literary review.

U.A.W. v. Johnson Control, Inc., 499 U.S. 187(1991) Essay

U.A.W. v. Johnson Control, Inc., 499 U.S. 187(1991) - Essay Examplem that the respondents policy has created facial classification at the work place that is based on gender which discriminates against women on the basis of their gender (Becker 43).After some of the large(predicate) employees in a battery manufacturing became pregnant while maintaining blood lead levels, the bon ton implemented a policy which barred all fertile women from the job. The affected employees filed a case in the zone court claiming the policy constituted sex discrimination which violates the 1964 civil rights act. The court of appeal affirmed that despite the risk the companys policy is discriminative.The retention of the court was that women should be given equal opportunities as men in the working place see to itless of the risks since baring women from some positions is discrimination based on gender.Excluding fertile women or women with child bearing capacity from lead exposed job positions encoura ges facial classification that is based on gender and this this discriminates against the female employees with regard to their sex under 703 a of title VIIThe companys lawyer argued that the safety of employees and their offspring should also be a major rival of the companies and the Johnson holding company was accepted to take the actions it took. He argued that the policy was not based on gender but the safety of the workers (Becker 44).In my opinion the company should only bar pregnant women from the jobs since the lead component is more hazardous to the foetus. There is evidence that the lead levels found in eight pregnant women was potentially harmful to the baby. The company barring all fertile women is sexually discriminative as by doing so it will be favouring the male

Health care cost Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health make out cost - Essay Exampleescalated by about thrity nine portion in the four year period between 1999 and 2003, while the hourly earnings during the same period have escalated by fourteen percent. This galloping wellness care costs that is affecting affordability of wellness care is the reason for concern. Any control measures need an understanding of the factors that are responsible for the escalation in wellness care costs. fit to Ginsberg, 2004, advances in science and technology that has seen a rise in new technologies available to health care, is the prime driving force behind the escalation in health care costs. These new technologies have provided newer diagnostic tools and treatments in the medical care of patients. Many of these diagnostic procedures and treatments are much more expensive than the older diagnostic procedures and treatments. An example of this is the expense involved in magnetic resonance imaging, which maturations the diagnostic costs signific antly, where it is employed as a diagnostic aid. Some treatments may be more cost effective, and lead to less discomfort in patients, but it is these very same beneficial qualities that cause its higher rate of use, leading to increase in costs.Thus new technology is the main culprit in the escaltion of health care costs. Does that mean denying the use of new technology in health care is the solution to the vexing problem of escalating healthcare costs. The answer is no. For in doing so the benefits of advances in science and technology would be denied to the people. The solution alternatively lies in the judicious use of new technology in healthcare (Ginsberg, P., 2004).Health care costs cannot be eliminated, and need to be only controlled for, health interventions are not free, people are not infinitely rich, and the budgets of health care programmes are limited. For every dollars worth of health care that is consumed, a dollar will be paid. While these payments can be laundered, disguised or hidden, they will not go away

European learning institutions in the Middle Ages Essay Example for Free

European learning institutions in the Middle Ages EssayThe Monastic schools provided the basis for the universities. The main purpose for the establishment of schools was to organise literacy in the society. done the schools people were educated and so became wiser. These schools led to the formation of universities as many individuals begun to pursue deeper meanings, verbal clarity and places for doing analysis. During the scholasticism period, the need for a place where intellectuals could do their studies increased greatly as the number of scholars and philosophers rose. Scholars started to analyze books and other information sources through reason and argumentation.Individuals who had gone through schooling had no place to further their studies and their number was increasing. This therefore led to the rise of universities as they provided a place for further studies. During the scholastic period there were many discoveries which were meant to elevate learning. The unive rsities came up because of the need to have intellectuals together so that they can share ideas and opinions thereby leading to more discoveries. The university was a good place to do enquiry and for individuals to learn from others. Additionally, individuals wanted to understand the Bible better and thus get closer to its truth.The university provided a good place where people could study the Bible and hence understand it better. Background of the students During this period, education was the privilege of the members of the upper differentiatees and thus most of the students were from the upper classes in the society. There were few students from the lower classes who had the opportunity to have prescribed education. This could be attributed to insufficient educational resources thereby making them expensive and thus not affordable to the lower class members. Curriculum The schools curriculum was divided into 2 trivium and quadrivium.Trivium was composed of grammar, dialectic a nd rhetoric magical spell qaudrivium contained geometry, arithmetic, astronomy and music. In grammar, texts written by the Priscian who was a Latin grammarian were studied and applied. In dialectic, the works make by Aristotle were read while in rhetoric, the works of Cicero were studied. Arithmetic involved the study of multiplication and division, and in addition to that abacus and chronology were learned. Geometry mainly involved the study of Euclid while Astronomy involved examine the works of Bede and Pliny who was a Roman writer.In Music, the students were taught proportion, scale, music of the spheres and the harmony of the universe. During the Charlemagne period education was mainly based on written texts (Cunningham Reich, 2006). During the scholasticism period, learning was based on reasoning and argumentation. Books were chosen, read and subjected to investigation. Points of disagreements between books and other sources of information were written down and subjected t o analysis using dialectics. Through the dialectics a common ground was found.During this period universities were formed and the curriculum of most universities primarily involved the study of philosophy, science, ancient culture and mathematics. In addition to studying the students were allowed to do research in their field of preference. The effects of formal educational institutions on the European society These institutions increased the gap between the rich and the sad people in the society. This can be attributed to background of the most students. Education was primarily the privilege of the upper class members and thus most of the lower class member never had the opportunity to have formal education.However, in spite of the gap in the society, the formal educational institutions provided the basis for more discoveries and developments in the European society. Through the institutions literacy in the society increased as more people improved their knowledge and skills. Addi tionally, the institutions reconciled different societies as translators and intermediaries were required. For instance, in translating Greek to position Muslims and Jews were utilized as translators and intermediaries. This therefore led to reconciliation between different religions as they dependent on each in enhancing learning.Furthermore, the learning institutions led to swop in character as individuals begun to see things differently. This led to changes in the political scene as authoritative governments collapsed paving way for the democratic ones. Powers of the monasteries were reduced as democratic governments came into power. This is because more individuals understood their rights and hence started to fight for their rights. Word count 717.Reference listCunningham L. S. and J. Reich, (2006). Culture and values. Edition 6. Belmont, CA Thomson Wadsworth. p. 199.

Google in China Essay Example for Free

Google in china EssayIn 2006, China attempted to kick the bucket away from socialism and declared itself committed to stinting reform and to opening itself to the outside world. Expanded personal freedoms for its citizens, however, China still maintained a harsh enforcement of political and religious regulations ? Membership in the WTO put China back on the map as a possible mart for Western companies ? hick first American Internet company to enter China in 1999.Uncensored Internet information was not welcomed by Chinese authorities and presidency murdericials immediately implement rules restricting access to content deemed improper or harmful, and monitored Internet usage of its citizens ? Included many private citizens in their surveillance efforts, and implemented public propaganda campaigns to create atmosphere of fear from reprisal and self-censorship ? Tom MacLean director of external Business for Google Inc. or last nine months starting to worry about his business line security after a storm of criticism resulting from last to agree to subject Googles search results to Chinese authority scrutiny ? Felt that he and his team had been mindful of political pitfalls they could face in implementing their strategic plan in China level and intensity of subsequent backlash and disapproval was unthought-of ? Elliot Schrage, Googles vice president of Global Communications and Public Affairs, efended Googles censorship agreement as necessary, while at the same time admitting decision conflicted deeply with Googles core principles, and that it was something they were not proud of ? Congressional hearing planted seeds of doubt in MacLean about Google in China decision. Starting to challenge if Google was endorsing censorship by conforming to the Chinese authorities rules, if Google was acting as a tool for the presidency, if Chinese citizens were actually better off after Googles decision to enter China, and whether censorship decision did go against their stated corporate philosophy ?Top leadership claim Googles decision was made base on information currently available at the time were not afraid to revisit that decision if necessary ? MacLean has only peerless day in front attending a meeting where he would be questioned on the development and implementation of Googles China strategy and asked for his suggestions for future courses of action ? MacLean under a lot of pressure to act, but his instinct is to stick by his strategy and let it play out a bit longer hoping that Senate hearing would be the last bit of publicity for a whileProblem Identification (Write in complete sentences from now on) Key Identify major problem(s) and any small(a) contributing problem(s) ? Googles launching of Google China and agreeing with Chinese governments censorship demands has tarnished their reputation and public image (major) ? Lots of bad publicity generated globally makes them look like hypocrites ? Caught surrounded by alienation of a potentially extremely lucrative planetary market and an ethical dilemma of global proportion ? federation ridiculed for its professed dont be evil motto critics blame Google for supporting a country with a regime known for its numerous, fountainhead-documented abuses of human rights and oppressive measures infraction of internationally recognized norms (minor) ? What should MacLean say at the meeting to justify his strategy? ? Has it become necessary for Googles top leadership team to revisit decision in light of new information and circumstances? What should we do? Under a lot of pressure to act. soon Inferences Key Read between the lines and make some assumptions about the case that re suggested but not explicitly domiciliated (read between the lines) ? Decision by Google to select China as its international target at this particular point in their political and social history is suspect, however, in accordance with their long-term global strategy, they could not pass up suc h a tremendous opportunity ? Censorship decision was necessary to maintain their position as global search-engine market leaders and to fend off advances from major competitors such as Yahoo (who already have an established foothold in China) and Microsoft ?Capable of weathering out the storm of criticism without major negative financial implications ? In time, entire episode will simply blow over as media moves on to something else ? For long-term gain, worth putting up with short pain ? Actions can be justified if given the proper spin ? No irreparable damage has been done to the companys reputation ? International business risk associated with decision can be managed General Case Ideas Key Link applicable course material/theory to the case res publica applicable theory (the what) ? The global economy (Chapter 1, pages XX) Cultural influences on global business (Chapter 3, pages XX) ? Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions Market Screening Process handouts ? Ethics and incarnate Soci al Responsibility in International Business handout ? Government and political influences on global business (Chapter 4, pages XX) ? Managing international business risk (Chapter 21, pages XX) view relevant connections between course theory and the case (the so what) ? There are four major categories of the international business environment that MNCs should consider when deciding on potential expansion markets 1.Geographic Conditions (climate, terrain, seaways, natural resources) 2. Cultural Social Factors (accepted behaviours, values, and customs language, education, religion, social transactionhips) 3. Political and Legal Factors (type of government, political stability, government policies toward business) 4. Economic Conditions (type of economic clay, general education level of the population, types of industries, level of technology) ? The two of these that are most applicable to this case are Cultural Social FactorsThe more similar ones own culture is to another in histo ry, language, religion etc. , the less difficult it is to conduct business in that society. But when societies differ on most of these characteristics, the potential for difficulty grows exponentially. For most American businesses in China, this potential is very high. There will be innumerable, unforeseen challenges, even when there is an beneficial effort to learn about and understand China and its people. When doing business in China, many cultural and social considerations must be addressed.Political and Legal Factors China has been under the communist party rule for many decades. The communist party exercises absolute power over legislations and economic and cultural institutions. Unlike western economies where the government promotes transparency for doing business, in China rules and regulations are not so transparent. Strict laws and patents in economies of the west protect domestic and foreign businesses, whereas in China, the legal system is loosely defined, giving rise t o various loopholes in the law.When doing business in China, many political and legal considerations must be considered. Conclusion and Recommendations Key allude specific and implementable solutions to solve identified problems ? Maintain status quo regarding decision but go into damage control mode ? Hire an internationally-experienced and renowned public relations firm to present the situation in a more positive light (spin doctors) ? Counter bad publicity by using the media to your advantage. emersion a series of press releases arguing that it would be more damaging to pull out of China altogether address criticisms directly and clearly rationalise the rationale of your decision ? Argue that censorship is necessary to keep the Chinese government from blocking Google altogether, and that Google can play a role more reusable to the cause of free speech by participating in Chinas information technology fabrication than by refusing to comply and being denied admission to the ma inland Chinese market ? Highlight the fact that Chinese authorities have restricted citizens to opular search engines such as Altavista and Yahoo in the past, and that while removing search results is inconsistent with Googles mission, providing no information at all would be even more inconsistent with their mission ? More public visibility of Yahoo founders Page and Brin as well as CEO Eric Schmidt. Delivery of consistent message through carefully orchestrated television and print ad campaigns and appearances at national and international industry forums ? Alter public perception through increased promotion of Googles philanthropic work ?It is not Googles job to fix governments but to provide the best service to users and the best return possible to its stakeholders. By choosing to do business in China, it is their job to serve the Chinese people in their best, albeit restricted, musical mode given current political climate ? If we didnt do it, someone else would have ? Emphasize that censorship issues are not restricted to China and that Google also had to do similar things in Germany as well as in their own home country to meet legal requirements ?Stand together as an industry. rent rivals assistance with similar issues and common interests. Get Bill Gates, billionaire founder of Microsoft, to stand up for arch-rival Google and argue that state censorship was no apprehension for technology companies not to do business in China. Get Gates to issue public statement that the Internet is contributing to Chinese political engagement, as access to the outside world is preventing more censorship ? Close its China offices and abandon market

Humans and machines Essay Example for Free

Humans and machines EssayThe interesting feature about discussing the interactions of humans and machines is the inadequacy of phraseology describing these interactions or the ambiguity of the connections between humans and machines. What is really at the center of the debate is how society should view the place of machines or non-human elements within human society.In addition, the application of the technological use of non-human elements in the modern machinery of struggle exposes the problem of how humans have changed the practice of warfare starting in WWI and how it made war evolve from a human experience to an inhuman experience instead of a non-human experience. The scope of this paper is to analyze the relationships of humans and machines in general as well as in the context of war. Discussion What does it mean to be human? What does it mean to be non-human?According to Casper, the human identity is non a natural state of being, rather it is a constructed identity i n relation to the context that society gives it. (Casper, 1994) In fact, the recognition of human loving identity and the positions or functions attached to it are based on our interpretation of where these elements should be placed, for example, in order to understand or define something, we place it in cordial boxes that simplify our recognition of identity and function within society. However, Casper argues that we cannot fully justify why we assign human identities to non-human elements or vice-versa.(Casper, 1994) In order to illustrate the miss of consistency as to what we call human or non-human, she uses the example of the fetus that is considered alive for surgery, a potential human with human qualities but also a non-human agent for medical research employ fetal tissue (p. 843). Casper mentions The Actor Network Agency (ANT) movement who finds that we should do away with natural/technical and social/cultural cognizance labels, which confuses our notions of what is hu man and what is not. However, this analytical symmetry treatment forgets to explain how we interpret the identities of agents and assign labels.Understanding how and why we label humans and non-humans may help imbue the confusion over agent identities that b different sociologists and society so much since they cannot seem to make sense of it, for example, some people talk to their car analogous it was a person but a car is not a person but why do some people have the contend to impute their car whereas they would call their dog it? Some people would insist that animals are living beings therefore that they deserve to be referred to as he or she.(Casper, 1994) Another example in our technological society is the factory worker who gets laid off and replaced by a robot. The worker knows that he or she is get around than a robot. Yet, the robot does his or her job consistently, faster, and without breaks. So, is the worker a sophisticated robot or is the robot a sophisticated work er? Bruno Latour would agree on that ambiguity because of our inadequate handling of situations in which non-human entities are mixed with human agents, especially from the perspective of sociologists.(Latour, 1988) Latour deals with this debate skillfully using an parable to make his points the penetration in a wall, opening and closing thanks to hinges (non-human element) and a human door keeper who has been assigned to close the door each time it is opened. He argues that the hinge always does its work, precise and consistent succession at some time, the human doorkeeper may falter. So, the door keeper could be replaced by a non-human element the door keeper number 2 to prevent the faltering.The fact that we call the non-human element the door keeper even though it is not human, shows that we do not have ascribed what Latour calls a coherent vocabulary to distinguish humans from non-humans. Thus, his conclusion (p. 310) is that the reason why we have not done that is because t he committee of competences and our social interactions imply the participation of non-humans. The confusion is that non-humans exist within a context of figurative/non-figurative speech, not a human/non-human context.In essence, that is why we anthropomorphize our car. (Latour, 1988) Consequently, it seems that our lives are intimately intertwined with the use of technology, machines, and other tools, including robots as well as computers that all are non-human agents indispensable to our way of life. In fact, one particular illustration of such a reasonable conclusion can be found with computer hackers who, for the most part, are not considered part of normal functioning society. Sherry Turckle investigated MIT A. I. lab students who also are considered hackers.The main recurring idea among these students (almost exclusively male) is the fear of social interactions with other people due to a escape of trust or understanding of social interactions. Hackers are known to be loner s and self-admittedly feel in control of their computer and its actions. In fact, on p. 212, this one student states computers have flummox an extension of my mind. (Turckle, ) Their self-esteem, their existence become defined only through their medium, resulting in a gradual elimination of life experiences that paralyze them, adding to their needs to mask their face-to-face fears of the world that exists beyond their machine.(p. 208) In contrast, there are people who even today cannot use a computer because they are afraid of revealing to others their lack of computer knowledge that has become essential in our modern society. Some may get help to improve their computer skills whereas others become so aggravated with the machine, taking their anger, originating from their own lack of confidence in learning pertly things, onto this stupid machine some may even become technophobic. Unfortunately for our society, science and technology have been used for warfare. Historically, war s always needed improvement in their methods of killing.As a consequence, the development of technology became a part of warfare while its propaganda glorified science and technology as the agents of victory. (Virillio, 1988) (Delanda, ) This became especially true as scientific knowledge evolved in physics, engineering, and chemistry. When WWI broke out in 1914, the weapons available then were the first of their kinds, the most inhuman of their kinds, killing many soldiers remotely either gassing soldiers with the deadly gas phosgene or using machine guns or canons with an elongate range to kill as many resistance soldiers as possible.(Visvanathan, ) In WWII, planes, tanks, and ships became to a greater extent and more sophisticated with technological advances like radar and sonar. The advent of using nuclear weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki horrified the scientists who naively believed that their work would be used to deter, not to destroy. (Kaempffert, 1941) Fat Man and Littl e Boy were dropped on these two Japanese cities ironically, these two deadly bombs were named as if they were human themselves.To the Japanese, the nuclear catastrophe and its aftermath on the population promoted the creation of the character Godzilla, a pre-historic mutant monster. With the Cold War, more weapons gradually became stealth weapons instead of front weapons. Nowadays, machines have turned into non-human extensions of their makers or rather their military masters, for example, long-range surveying equipment on satellites allowing spying activities on dwell nations.Yet, is it appropriate to say non-human when modern weapons like continental missiles can kill so horribly and from the comfort of a military base on the other side of the world? The military is relying on technology more than ever by using computers, artificial intelligence research, simulation modules that mimic a champaign or even war video games whose graphics have been rendered so life-like that video g amers who are soldiers may not know reality from fiction, killing enemy soldiers without any care, as if they were video game characters, non-human or human?In conclusion, the relationship between human and non-human agents is complex but not impossible to condition if the realization is made that non-human agents are part of our environment and society. In fact, they occupy a greater place today than 10 years ago (computer technology, for example). The account to their seamless integration in our society is the figure/non-figurative reference style proposed by Latour as it is already used unconsciously by many of us.References Casper, M. (1994).Reframing and substructure non-human agency what makes a fetus an agent? The American Behavioral Scientist, 37(6) 839-856. Delanda, Latour, B. (1988). Mixing humans and non-humans together the sociology of a door-closer. Social Problems, 35(3) 298-310. Kaempffert, W. (1941). War and Technology. The American Journal of Sociology, 46(4) 431 -444. Turckle, S. (n. d. ) The new computer cultures the mechanization of the mind. Book? , publisher, year? Virillio, P. (1988). War and Cinema. Visvanathan.

Impact That Jerzy Grotowskis Poor Theatre

Impact That Jerzy Grotowskis Poor TheatreJerzy Grotowskis poor bailiwick is an experimental concept which influences performers to go back to theatrical roots using the voice and bole as the main production. Just like many avant-garde artists he strived to pull away from the regular theatre conventions done other influences. Grotowskis main theatrical idea was depicted by the theatrical devices apply throughout proceeding, such as lights, sound, sets, dress up and makeup the way which theatre is portrayed on period was to compete with cinema and television which was perceived as Rich Theatre. Grotowski argued that if theatre buttocksnot be richer than the cinema, then let it be poor. (Grotowski, 1968, p. 41) Stripping the stage of all its skilful and aesthetic parts leaves just the actor and the audience this creates a more emphasised performance for the audience as all their left to watch is the performance its self. Throughout this essay, I will be dis covert how poor thea tre has impacted contemporary theatre practice.Grotowski became a massive influence towards Peter Brook and through working together and discovering new exercises Brook learned how to make poverty an ideal (Brook, 1996, p.72) he saw firsthand just how his methods works with actorsTo verbalise is to stupefy and even to destroy exercises that ar clear and simple when indicated by a gesture and when executed by the mind and body as one. (Brook, Grotowski, 1968, p. 13)Grotowski believed that the actor should be fully aware of his own body making full use of gestures and facial expressions, and the use of costume, makeup and sound is just a mask covering what an actor suffer really produce. To further an actors technique requires Intense corporal training which Grotowski concentrated more on the body and developing natural resonators. His exercises were prone very little instruction in differentiate for an actor to interpret them in their own way. In contemporary practice we can s ee how Grotowskis strong-arm ideas of performance has had its influence. Physical theatre groups such as DV8 has had a major impact through Grotowskis methods. Lloyd Newson who is the founder of DV8 describes physical theatre as a Grotowski ground termDV8 were one of the first groups in Britain to call their work physical theatre, which is a Grotowski-based term (Giannachi, and Luckhurst,1999, p. 109)Many physical theatre groups work without money, in coordinate to create their own scenery and props with their own bodies, just as Grotowski strived his actors to work on a broadcast stage, physical theatre could be seen as a concept of poor theatre.Another of Grotowskis techniques of poor theatre was the awareness between the actor and audience relationship, believing that theatre can exist without the set, costume etc. but it cannot exist without an audience. Grotowski wanted the actors to experiment with how the audience are perceivedThe actors can play among the spectators the a ctors may build structures among the spectatorsthe actors may play among the spectators and skip them, looking through them. The spectators may be separated from the actors - (Grotowski, 1968, p. 20)He experimented with the space, shape, and size of the audience trying to find a both a spiritual and spatial awareness for the audiences relationship with the actors. Above all this Grotowski believed that an actor audience relationship was essential, his methods and ideas of the relationship can now be perceived as environmental theatre. (Slowiak and Cuesta, 2007, p. 12) in time Grotowski believed the intention of the performance can distinguish the audiences involvement of the performance. As well as Grotowski, there are other practitioners such as Brecht and Artaud whose influence was to hand out down the fourth wall in contemporary practice more theatrical groups experiment with this. Groups such as Thtre de Complicit and kneehigh began to form through the eighties who based thei r performances with no fourth wall and full audience participation.One of Grotowskis major influences was Artaud, they both had ideas of how theatre should be depicted with symbolism, eastern theatrical and ritualistic senses. Grotowski used many oriental techniques throughout his exercises and workshops in order to bring out the best of body movementAlso particularly stimulating to me are the training techniques of oriental theatre (Grotowski, 1968, p. 16)His most undetermined pragmatic approach to eastern physicality was yoga which he used as the foundation for his physical exercises. nevertheless he became increasingly sceptical about the use of yoga throughout theatre and rather than disregard the yoga movements he adapted them. In more contemporary practices yoga is used between physical theatre groups. DV8 in specific use yoga using Grotowskis exploration, where he insisted that the mood after yoga is one that puts you under rest which generally destroys the earnestness for expressionGrotowski called it an internal sleep, an inexpressive equilibrium, a great rest which ends all actions. (Callery, 2001, p. 27)DV8s analysis was also that yoga gave a different energy, but also that other physical exercise such as aerobics also gave a different energy. They therefore discovered their own means of physical exercise in order to find new potentials. (Callery, 2001, p. 27)In conclusion, many contemporary theatrical groups and practices all use forms of Grotowskis practices. Groups without money tend to form the black box stripped theatre in order to create poor theatre focusing mainly on body and facial expressions. Physical theatre companies also use the bare stage in order to create their own props and scenery through body language and movement. Also the spectator and actor relationship can be seen through many of todays performances as well as other practitioners work. Grotowskis physicality and experimental exercises can be seen through contemporary practi ce, but can only be portrayed through an actors own discovery.